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1.
Rev. méd. hered ; 34(1): 14-19, ene. - mar. 2023. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: biblio-1442071

ABSTRACT

Objetivo : Describir el diagnóstico situacional de un grupo de Unidades Productoras de Servicios de Medicina de Rehabilitación (UPS-MR) del Perú evaluadas en el 2019 y 2020. Material y métodos : Estudio observacional, transversal y descriptivo del análisis secundario de datos de la evaluación que realizó la Dirección Ejecutiva de Investigación y Docencia en Prevención de Riesgos y Promoción de la Salud del Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Dra. Adriana Rebaza Flores" AMISTAD PERÚ - JAPÓN a UPS-MR durante los años 2019 y 2020. Las variables fueron: logro en el equipamiento, infraestructura, documentos/herramientas de gestión y manuales y guías de práctica clínica, funciones, recursos humanos, procedimientos y logro total. Cada logro tenía como puntaje mínimo 0% y como puntaje máximo 100%. Además, se realizó un análisis secundario para comparar el logro de las UPS-MR según nivel de categorización y región. Resultados: Catorce UPS-MR fueron incluidas en la investigación. Seis (42,9%) fueron de categoría III-1 y 6 (42,9%) eran de la región Lima. El mayor logro fue en las funciones (74,1%) y el menor logro en los recursos humanos y procedimientos (41,9% y 40,8%). Finalmente, el logro total tuvo una media de 58,3%±14,6%. Conclusiones : Las UPS-MR tienen el mayor logro en las funciones y los menores logros en recursos humanos y procedimientos. El logro total fue alrededor del 50%.


SUMMARY Objective : To describe the situational diagnostic of a group of units producing medical rehabilitation services (UPMRS) in Peru from 2019 to 2020. Methods: This a cross-sectional study that included a secondary analysis of an evaluation performed by the Dirección Ejecutiva de Investigación y Docencia en Prevención de Riesgos y Promoción de la Salud of the Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación "Dra. Adriana Rebaza Flores" AMISTAD PERÚ - JAPÓN a UPMRS from 2019 to 2020. Variables included in the analyses were achievement of infrastructure, equipment, documents of administration, guidelines of clinical practice, human resources and total achievement. The minimal score per achievement was 0% and the maximum was 100%. Achievements stratified by region and categorization were made. Results: Fourteen PMRS were included; six (42.9%) were category III-1 and six (42.9%) were from Lima Region. Best achievement was in functions (74.1%) and worst was in human resources and procedures (41.9% and 40.8%, respectively). Finally, total achievement had a mean score of 58.3%±14.6%. Conclusions: UPMRS had better achievements in functions and worse in human resources and procedures, total achievement was 50%.


Subject(s)
Humans , Delivery of Health Care , Equipment and Supplies , Rehabilitation Services , Methods , Cross-Sectional Studies
2.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 87(2): 122-136, abr. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388718

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Explorar la percepción de mujeres en edad reproductiva con respecto a las vías del parto reportada en la evidencia disponible. MÉTODO: Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistematizada de artículos en las bases de datos PubMed, SciELO, SCOPUS, Web of Science, LILACS, Cochrane Library y Biblioteca Virtual de Salud. La búsqueda se realizó entre agosto y noviembre del año 2020. Los términos MeSH usados fueron "Perception", "Delivery Obstetric", "Cesarean Section" y "Woman", junto con los términos DECS "Percepción", "Parto Obstétrico", "Cesárea" y "Mujeres". Además, se utilizaron los términos libres "Perceptions", "Vaginal Delivery", "Obstetric Deliveries", "Abdominal Deliveries", "Caesarean Section" y "Womens Groups". En la totalidad de las bases de datos utilizadas se aplicaron como límites de búsqueda "Last 5 Years" y "Free Full Text". RESULTADOS: Respecto a la percepción de las vías de parto, se constató la preferencia de la vía vaginal sobre la cesárea. Además, se evidenciaron factores que influyen en el proceso, tales como miedo, experiencia previa, influencia de terceros, religión, cultura, nivel socioeconómico y zona demográfica. CONCLUSIONES: La evidencia revisada sugiere que las mujeres prefieren la vía del parto vaginal sobre la cesárea, siendo el miedo el factor más influyente al momento de su elección, seguido por los factores asociados a experiencias previas, el nivel socioeconómico y las creencias.


OBJECTIVE: To explore the perception of women of reproductive age regarding delivery routes reported in the available evidence. METHOD: A systematized review of articles in PubMed, SciELO, SCOPUS, Web of Science, LILACS, Cochrane Library, Biblioteca Virtual de Salud databases, was carried out. The search was conducted between August and November 2020. MeSH descriptors "Perception", "Delivery Obstetric", "Cesarean Section" and "Woman", along with DECS descriptors "Percepciones", "Parto Obstétrico", "Cesárea" and "Mujeres", were used. Also, free terms "Perceptions", "Vaginal Delivery", "Obstetric Deliveries", "Abdominal Deliveries", "Caesarean Section" and "Womens Groups". In the totality of databases limits of search "Last 5 years" and "Free Full Text", were used. RESULTS: Regarding the perception of the delivery routes, the preference of the vaginal route over caesarean section was verified. In addition, factors that influence the process such as fear, previous experience, influence of third parties, religion, culture, socioeconomic level and demographic area were evidenced. CONCLUSIONS: The reviewed evidence suggests that women prefer the vaginal delivery route over caesarean section with fear being the most influential factor at the time of their choice, and secondly, the factors associated with previous experiences, socioeconomic level and beliefs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Perception , Cesarean Section/psychology , Delivery, Obstetric/psychology
3.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1385242

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Objective: To explore patient experience for non-surgical periodontal therapy using phenomenography. Methods: This qualitative study was performed in a postgraduate specialist training program in periodontics. Patients reported their experiences through in-depth interviews in order to recognize the impact of non-surgical periodontal therapy on their quality of life and their satisfaction. A homogeneous sampling procedure was used, establishing redundancy after the fifteenth interview. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and analyzed by three researchers who codified the answers into categories to determine the emerging topics. Results: The core emerging themes were: (i) lack of information about periodontal disease; (ii) experience during treatment; (iii) treatment implications; and (iv) clinician-patient relationship. Conclusions: Patients seem to have limited knowledge about periodontal diseases. Reasons for attendance mainly include bleeding gums, tooth mobility, and aesthetic problems. Therapy can generate pain, fear, and is considered invasive, whereas dentine hypersensitivity may occur post-operatively. Despite this, patients would be willing to undergo treatment again and were generally satisfied with the level of care and treatment received.

4.
Braz. oral res. (Online) ; 36: e0118, 2022. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1403948

ABSTRACT

Abstract The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic factors and a high cumulative score of the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) in a Chilean adult group. A cross-sectional study was performed with the Ethics Committee's approval from the Universidad de los Andes. A consecutive adult (18 to 46 years old) sampling (n = 553) from the Health Center in San Bernardo-Chile, was selected from September 2016 to January 2017. Dental exams were performed by two trained and calibrated examiners, according to the BEWE index. In order to search for potentially related factors, a hetero-applied questionnaire previously developed and evaluated was applied. Our interest was individuals with severe erosion tooth wear (BEWE ≥ 14). Logistic regression models reporting crude odds ratio (OR) and adjusted OR by age, 95% confidence interval (95%CI), and p-values were estimated. Variables, odds ratios and 95% CI related with BEWE ≥ 14 were: age (OR 1.1 [1.07-1.14]); currently drinking alcohol (OR 1.59 [1.06-2.39]); esophagitis (OR 8.22 [1.60-42.22]); difficulty to swallow (OR 2.45 [1.10-5.44]); chest pain (OR 2.07 [1.18-3.64]); anorexia (OR 3.82 [1.07-13.68]); vitamin C intake (OR 1.92 [1.08-3.43]). Age, alcohol consumption, self-reported esophagitis, history of gastric symptoms, anorexia, and vitamin C intake were related as risk factors to high BEWE scores in this sample of Chilean adults in San Bernardo, Chile.

5.
Rev. Fac. Med. Hum ; 20(4): 640-645, Oct-Dic. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1141312

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: determinar la relación entre obesidad e índice TG/HDL en pacientes atendidos en el servicio de consulta externa de endocrinología del hospital nacional Sergio Bernales en el año 2018. Métodos: el estudio fue observacional, analítico, tipo casos y controles no emparejado a razón de 4:1, con un total 288 sujetos de estudio siendo 230 controles y 58 casos quienes cumplieron con criterios de selección, involucro a los pacientes atendidos en el servicio de consulta externa endocrinología. La muestra fue aleatoria simple, se incluyeron las variables, Sexo, edad, Índice de masa corporal, Colesterol total, Triglicéridos total, HDL-c, LDL-c, Índice TG/HDL. Se empleó un modelo de regresión logística para obtener un Odds Ratio para fuerza de asociación. Resultados: La frecuencia relativa de obesidad fue del 65.52% y 29.13%, para los casos y controles respectivamente, a su vez una significancia estadística con la prueba exacta de Fisher, P-valor 0.000. Se encontró un por regresión logística bivariada una relación entre Obesidad e Índice TG/HDL-c (OR 4.62, p=0.000, IC95% 2.51-8.52). Conclusiones: se encontró una relación entre la Obesidad y el índice TG/HDL-c pudiéndose extrapolar a población adulta atendida en el servicio de endocrinología de Lima Metropolitana, este es el primer artículo publicado al respecto a nivel nacional, se recomiendan estudios prospectivos para determinar causalidad.


Objectives: to determine the relationship between obesity and the TG / HDL index in patients treated at the endocrinology outpatient service of the Sergio Bernales national hospital in 2018. Methods: the study was observational, analytical, case-control type not matched to ratio of 4: 1, with a total of 288 study subjects, 230 controls and 58 cases who met the selection criteria, involved the patients treated in the endocrinology outpatient service. The sample was simple random, the variables were included: Sex, age, Body mass index, Total cholesterol, Total triglycerides, HDL-c, LDL-c, TG / HDL index. A logistic regression model was used to obtain an Odds Ratio for the strength of association. Results: The relative frequency of obesity was 65.52% and 29.13%, for cases and controls respectively, in turn a statistical significance with Fisher's exact test, P-value 0.000. A bivariate logistic regression found a relationship between Obesity and TG / HDL-c Index (OR 4.62, p = 0.000, 95% CI 2.51-8.52). Conclusions: a relationship was found between Obesity and the TG / HDL-c index, which can be extrapolated to the adult population treated in the endocrinology service of Metropolitan Lima, this is the first article published in this regard at the national level, prospective studies are recommended to determine causality.

6.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-771679

ABSTRACT

Dentro de los procesos patológicos bucales, la caries dental constituye una enfermedad de alta prevalencia, siendo prevenible con medidas de higiene bucal fácilmente adquiribles desde temprano en la vida. Desde los 90 en Chile se ha direccionado la instalación del hábito del cepillado dental diario, al menos 2 veces al día, con pasta fluorada como medida preventiva en niños de 6 y más años, abarcando luego a párvulos, según la evidencia disponible. Objetivo Explorar las creencias, conocimientos y prácticas de los padres y/o apoderados de preescolares de 2 y 3 años, de una comuna urbana de la región metropolitana Lo Prado. Método Investigación cualitativa, con diseño descriptivo de una muestra no probabilística, homogénea, de 14 apoderados mediante entrevistas en profundidad. Resultados Los resultados de las descripciones hechas por las madres y/o padres de los párvulos generó categorías: 1) importancia de la salud bucal y su cuidado; 2) encargado del cuidado de la salud bucal; 3) uso de pasta de dientes fluoradas; 4) percepción de la salud bucal del párvulo; 5) uso de estímulos positivos o negativos asociados; y 6) necesidad de mayor información para el cuidado de la salud bucal. Conclusiones La salud bucal se percibe correlacionada con una buena apariencia, siendo importante una buena higiene para lograrla, a lo que se suma el consumo de pocos hidratos de carbono. Las mujeres son las encargadas de transmitir el conocimiento, enseñar y supervisar la higiene de los menores, quedando el resto de la familia relegada a un plano de apoyo.


Among oral pathologies, dental caries is the one that is easy to prevent with dental hygiene measures. Since the 1990's, oral health education has aimed at instilling the habit of tooth brushing twice a day with fluoride toothpaste to prevent this disease. However, there is a need to understand the effect of the context on the expected outcomes. Objective This study aimed to determine the oral health practices of parents of pre-school children in an urban community of the Metropolitan Region of Chile, Lo Prado. Method This was a qualitative study with a descriptive design, and a non-probabilistic sample of 14 parents, using in-depth interviews. Results The analysis of the results was performed starting from transcription and codification of the descriptions made by the mothers, generating categories: (1) Oral health care, (2) persons in charge of teaching the tooth brushing habit, (3) use of fluoride dentifrices, (4) perception of oral health status, (5) associated positive or negative stimuli, and (6) the need for more information on oral health issues. Conclusions Oral health is perceived to correlate with a good appearance, and to attain it, a good oral hygiene is considered important, along with a reduction in the amount of carbohydrates ingested. Women are the ones that are socially in charge of the establishment and maintenance of this habit.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Young Adult , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Oral Hygiene/psychology , Oral Health , Parents/psychology , Qualitative Research , Surveys and Questionnaires
7.
Cienc. Trab ; 16(49): 21-27, abr. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-710942

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Estimar la asociación entre factores de riesgo y la ocurrencia de enfermedades, accidentes y ausentismo laboral en trabajadores formales. Método: Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva usando dos fuentes de información: registro de evaluaciones ocupacionales preventivas y de episodios de accidentes y enfermedades laborales (2009-2012). Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de variables de salud y de factores de riesgo. Regresiones logísticas para la ocurrencia de enfermedades y accidentes. Se usó una regresión Poisson-cero-inflado para el ausentismo laboral. Resultados: los > 60 años tienen un exceso de riesgo de enfermedad laboral (OR-ajustada 19,18 respecto a < 30 años) y los sedentarios una OR-ajustada 1,75. Los < 30 años tienen una OR-ajustada de 1,38, los que tienen circunferencia de cintura (CC) superior a la recomendada una OR-ajustada de 1,31 y los sedentarios 1,23 para la probabilidad de accidentes de trabajo. Las mujeres tienen una OR-ajustada 1,99 y CC-superior 1,29 para la probabilidad de accidente de trayecto. Ser mujer (IRR 1,45), tener > 60 años (IRR 2,69), trabajar en actividades inmobiliarias (IRR 2,37) y en explotación de minas (IRR 2,38), tienen una probabilidad mayor de más días de ausentismo. Conclusiones: Factores no modificables (sexo y edad), junto con factores modificables, como el sedentarismo y el estado nutricional, contribuyen a eventos laborales no deseados.


Objective: To determine the association among lifestyle-related risk factors and the occurrence of occupational diseases, accidents and absenteeism in a cohort of formal workers. Method: A retrospective cohort study was carried out by using two information sources: a registry of preventive occupational evaluations and another registry of episodes of occupational accidents and diseases (2009-2012). A descriptive analysis was performed of health variables and risk factors. Logistic regressions were used to calculate the likelihood of occupational accidents and diseases and a zero-inflated Poisson regression was used to model occupational absenteeism. Results: A total of 47.221 workers were included, of which 86,3% were men. The mean follow-up was 1,96 years. Workers aged >60 years had an excess risk of occupational diseases, with an OR of 19.18 compared with workers aged <30 years, while sedentary workers had an OR of 1,75. The likelihood of occupational accidents was higher in workers younger than 30 years (OR 1,38), those with a waist circumference (WC) higher than recommended (OR 1,31) and those who were sedentary (OR 1,23). Women had an OR of 1.99 and those with a WC higher than recommended had an OR of 1,29 for the likelihood of a commuting accident to and from work. Female sex (IRR 1,45), age >60 years (IRR 2,69), and working in the property sector (IRR 2,37) and in mining (IRR 2,38) conferred a higher probability of absenteeism. Conclusions: Unmodifiable factors (age and sex), as well as modifiable factors, such as sedentariness and nutritional status, contribute to undesired occupational events.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Accidents, Occupational/statistics & numerical data , Absenteeism , Occupational Diseases/epidemiology , Logistic Models , Chile , Probability , Risk Factors , Cohort Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Occupational Health , Age Factors , Tobacco Use , Motor Activity
8.
Rev. chil. salud pública ; 12(2): 64-72, 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-526889

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: La caries dental y la gingivitis son prevalentes en la población infantil. El propósito de este estudio fue describir los conocimientos que poseen los educadores de párvulos de la provincia de Santiago, en la prevención de caries y gingivitis de los preescolares, así como las prácticas declaradas que realizan durante la jornada escolar, que pudiesen favorecer el control de éstas. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, y cuantitativo, con un muestreo probabilístico estratificado proporcional, por conglomerados, bietápico para seleccionar unamuestra de 209 profesionales, de la Junta Nacional de Jardines Infantiles de Santiago, quiénes respondieron un cuestionario auto-administrado, previamente validado. (Confiabilidad 0.78, alphade Cronbach). Resultados: El nivel de conocimientos fue catalogado como bueno (0.69, intervalo de confianza0.67-0.70). En cuanto a las prácticas preventivas, en el 98 por ciento de los establecimientos se realiza cepillado dental. En relación al tipo de alimentos consumidos, priman las frutas y leche, con un 52.3 por ciento y un 58.3 por ciento respectivamente. Los tópicos con menor porcentaje de respuestas correctas correspondieron a uso de fluorurostópicos, edad de inicio y frecuencia de cepillado. Conclusión: Existe un nivel adecuado de conocimientos en los docentes, lo que constituye una herramienta valiosa para generar y mantener cambios conductuales favorables a la salud bucal. En el ámbito de las prácticas declaradas, prácticamente la totalidad de los educadores consultados reporta que sus pupilos realizan el cepillado dentario, con una frecuencia de dos veces al día, siendo concordante con lo recomendado como efectivo en la literatura especializada.


Purposes: Dental cavities and gingivitis are prevalent among the pediatric population. The purpose of the present work was to describe the knowledge in cavity and gingivitis prevention among kindergarten teachers in the province of Santiago and to assess their declared practices during the full school day which might prevent such conditions. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive, and quantitative study was conducted with proportional stratified probabilistic cluster two-stage to select a sample of 209 professionals from the National Board of Kindergartens of the province of Santiago, who answered a previously validated self administered survey (Cronbach’s alpha reliability of 0.78). Results: The degree of knowledge was rated as good (0.69, Confidence Interval 0.67-0.70). As for preventive practices, tooth brushing was carried out in 98 percent of the facilities. With regard to the kind of food consumed, fruits and milk prevailed, with 52.3 percent and 58.3 percent respectively. The topics with the lowest correct answer rates were those regarding the use of topical fluoride, the onset of tooth brushing habits and tooth brushing frequency. Conclusions: There is an adequate degree of knowledge among teachers. Such knowledge constitutes a valuable tool to generate and sustain behavioral changes favoring oral health. In the field of declared practices, practically all the teachers surveyed reported that their pupils toothbrush on a twice a week basis, thus being in accordance with the recommended effective tooth brushing practice in the specialized literature.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Adult , Middle Aged , Dental Caries/prevention & control , Dental Caries/psychology , Gingivitis/prevention & control , Gingivitis/psychology , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Schools, Nursery , Cross-Sectional Studies , Chile/epidemiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Surveys and Questionnaires
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